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In fencing, the black card is issued by the director for severe infractions, such as blatant cheating, refusal to salute, or unsportsmanlike conduct. When the black card is issued, the offending fencer is expelled from the event or tournament in which he or she is participating. The fencer forfeits all bouts, even those that the fencer has already won. In the official record of the tournament, his or her name is replaced with the words "FENCER EXCLUDED".
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