Making an Acetone Bath - Fencing.Net Discussion
topleft topright

Go Back   Fencing.Net Discussion > General Fencing > Armory - Q&A

Closed Thread
 
LinkBack Thread Tools Display Modes
Old 11-27-2007, 02:49 PM   #1
Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Posts: 72
SenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the rough
Making an Acetone Bath

I am looking for advice on the construction of an acetone bath. Yes, I know it is a simple device, but I wanted to hear if anyone had any suggestions before I tried it myself. I don't have any metal working tools; will I be able to get a metal pipe cut and threaded at, say, Home Depot?

Along with my desire to ask for suggestions, I offer this story. My roommate in college (a Chemistry major, no less) decided to make an acetone bath for his blades. What material did he choose? Why, PVC pipe, of course. So cheap, after all. It seemed like a good idea to me. Turns out that PVC pipe and acetone have an interesting relationship. He got the wire out of the blade with no problems. And he left the acetone in the pipe for a while. His acetone bath soon had the consistency of a wet noodle. It was facinating to see PVC pipe bend so easily. Pretty cool actually, for a disposable acetone bath.

So, I guess I am worried that building one of these might not be as easy as I think, so I turn to those more experienced for help.

Thanks!
SenorEquis is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
And now for this message...
Go Green members don't see these ads.



Old 11-27-2007, 02:59 PM   #2
Just Joined
 
Join Date: Nov 2006
Location: Northwest Indiana
Posts: 25
keeper of the swords will become famous soon enoughkeeper of the swords will become famous soon enough
Acetone bath

Thinwall Copper pipe and end caps-- solder one end, use the other as a slip-on. (Or, add a threaded fitting for a better seal). If you are only occasionally rewiring, try CyA remover to soften the glue, followed by a small screwdriver/dental pick, etc., to remove the old wire. Finish with a dremel/small cut off wheel in the slot.
keeper of the swords is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-27-2007, 02:59 PM   #3
Senior Member
 
brtech's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Posts: 1,076
brtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond repute
The simplest solution is to get a piece of copper pipe and two copper endcaps. Solder one on the bottom. Use the other as a cap for the pipe. Fill with acetone, drop the blade in, and voila.

A bigger pipe for multiple blades can be made from a piece of steel pipe. Have it threaded by a hardware store on both ends. Get two screw on end caps. Use teflon tape on the bottom one and put it on very tight. The top one screws on and off. A 3" pipe holds quite a few blades.
brtech is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-27-2007, 03:04 PM   #4
Senior Member
 
Chafunkta's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2005
Location: The Driftwood Bar, Louisiana
Posts: 485
Chafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud ofChafunkta has much to be proud of
I made mine a long time ago, and I don't believe I ever had to get the pipe threaded and cut.

You'll want 3/4" - 1" pipe (as you know, some kind of metal, NOT PVC). Try to get a 3 ft piece (long enough for the blade) and a 1 ft piece (long enough for the tang of a french grip). Then, couple the two pieces together and get pipe caps for either end. Fill it up with Acetone, insert a blade, and viola!

You'll want the two sections so you can accomodate both french grip and pistol grip blades. The coupler allows you to unscrew the 1' piece to get to the blades.

There was some thread with a really great picture of a pipe, but I can't seem to find it. A search may do some good for you.
__________________
Just push the button!
Chafunkta is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-27-2007, 03:25 PM   #5
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2006
Posts: 173
Dr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond reputeDr Epee has a reputation beyond repute
You should be able to get a 3 foot long galvanized nipple ( length of pipe threaded at either end) right off the shelf at Home Depot. 1/2" diameter works nicely for foils. It's OK for epees, but if you'll primarily be doing epees, you might want to look at 5/8" or 3/4". Get an end cap and screw it on tightly for the bottom. ( you might even want to apply some solder after you screw it on, to keep the acetone in). After use, I usually pour the acetone back in the can or just discard it because it's usually so long between uses for me that the acetone finds a way to evaporate from the pipe, even if I close it.
Dr Epee is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-27-2007, 03:41 PM   #6
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: MD
Posts: 1,384
SJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond reputeSJCFU#2 has a reputation beyond repute
Go to Home Depot (or Lowe's, or better yet, you local hardware store). Assuming you can find any help, you should be able to get a piece of steel pipe cut to length and threaded at each end. Simply fit a threaded cap on one end (maybe apply a bit of plumbers putter to the threads for a better seal), pour some acetone into it (leave room for the blade), then screw the other end on as a cap. A 1-inch diameter pipe is usually large enough for two or three blades.

If you can't get someone to cut the pipe for you then look for a precut length of pipe that is 36-inches long and threaded at both ends, a six-inch long nipple (a short length of pipe that is threaded at each end), a threaded in-line coupling to join the two lengths of pipe together and two threaded end caps. This way you won't have to cut anything and if you are having trouble reaching down to get at the tang of a blade you can remove the short section from the top of the pipe.
SJCFU#2 is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-27-2007, 04:11 PM   #7
Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Posts: 72
SenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the roughSenorEquis is a jewel in the rough
As expected, everyone was very helpful; thank you. I believe that I know now what I need to make a more lasting (but less fun) bath than my roommate's.

Thanks again.
SenorEquis is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-29-2007, 05:13 PM   #8
Senior Member
 
Robert Smith's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2002
Location: Victoria, BC, Canada
Posts: 462
Robert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond reputeRobert Smith has a reputation beyond repute
Send a message via ICQ to Robert Smith
My one small contribution to the art of acetone bathing. Rather than going with rwo lengths of pipe, I went with one steel pipe (around 3/4", I think, good enough for two foil blades at a time) with screw caps. One's cranked on so tight it ain't never coming off, the other, of course, isn't.

I found it a pain getting blades in and out, as they tended to be fully immersed and the only non-wet way was to invert the tube to tip the blades to the cap end, and then gently right tube, keeping the blade at the top. Not always successful, and often involving some acetone hand washing.

So I now have a small alligator clip on the end of six inches of flexible wire - I think it's several thicknesses of slightly used foil wire - held in place inside the cap with a circle of stiffer wire, coiled to fit into the cap and then stretched out on the far side of the cap's thread using needle nose pliers so that it doesn't just fall out again. So now, when I put a blade in to soak, I attach the alligator clip to the tang before I put it in the tube, and taking it out is mussless and fussless.

With a copper tube, I guess you could solder such a contraption in place; but preferably not while the cap's on the tube...
__________________
Robert Smith
http://members.shaw.ca/ubik/thread/
Robert Smith is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-29-2007, 05:52 PM   #9
Senior Member
 
brtech's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Posts: 1,076
brtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond repute
My solution to this problem is to have two "pickle pipes" One is sized for a foil, the other for an epee. The length of the pipe is enough to get the whole groove in the bath, but the tang sticks out. This means the cover is off while the blades are soaking. It doesn't seem to be much of a problem (small surface area; I get much more acetone in the air when I take them out).

Of course, I don't use acetone any more. A heat gun is faster.

Brian
brtech is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-29-2007, 06:40 PM   #10
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2007
Location: Northern England
Posts: 340
pinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond reputepinkelephant has a reputation beyond repute
I went along to Boots (a chain store pharmacist) to get some acetone only to be told they can now only sell it from Head Office under license. Good job I'm a chemistry teacher and have other sources of supply. What on earth do they think we're going to do with it? Terrorist threat to remove all nail varnish from people we don't like?
pinkelephant is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-29-2007, 07:43 PM   #11
Senior Member
 
Purple Fencer's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2001
Location: Pacoima, ca USA
Posts: 6,750
Purple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond reputePurple Fencer has a reputation beyond repute
My pipes are 1 1/2" copper, copper slip cap at the bottom and copper male threaded top (both soldered on...thanks you nearby auto shop!), with a galvanized screw cap. They're long enough for a French tang-length blade (since I like to dunk my brand new blades for a bit to make sure I get all the gunk off of them...especially the dry blades.).

For when I drop in pistol-length blades (or French #2s), I use a cut-off French tang and an outside hex nut on the tang of the actual blade...the result is something to grab and pull the blade out with easily.

'Course, since i ALSO do so much maintenance, I have 12 sets of cut tangs and coupling nuts...and each nut is scored with a hash mark (from 1 to 12). Those belong in Ziploc bags marked in the same way. That way I can be sure that a specific blade gets the grip, socket, and other parts is came to me with!
__________________
Need fencing equipment? See me at H.O.M. Fencing Supply


Going to your first tournament? Read "Choose yer weapon, Laddie (or: Dude, where's my foil?)"

Proud member of the August Armorers...."We fix swords gud!!"

"Pull his head up...he suckin' mud!"

Ka-parry (that's for you, Morion!)
Purple Fencer is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-29-2007, 08:24 PM   #12
Senior Member
 
Rick Shellhouse's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Posts: 636
Rick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond reputeRick Shellhouse has a reputation beyond repute
Quote:
Originally Posted by pinkelephant View Post
I went along to Boots (a chain store pharmacist) to get some acetone only to be told they can now only sell it from Head Office under license. Good job I'm a chemistry teacher and have other sources of supply. What on earth do they think we're going to do with it? Terrorist threat to remove all nail varnish from people we don't like?
lol....


Lets seeeee....

acetone is very ---censored----so it works well in home made ---censored--- and can be especially nasty mixed with ----censored----cause then it makes a slurry which can be used in ----censored----then again you can simply mix it with ---censored---- and its a very slow ---censored----and then if you hide it ----censored----you can ---censored-----


Rick
Rick Shellhouse is online now  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-30-2007, 03:33 PM   #13
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Oct 2004
Posts: 227
JMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to beholdJMcC is a splendid one to behold
Quote:
Originally Posted by pinkelephant View Post
I went along to Boots (a chain store pharmacist) to get some acetone only to be told they can now only sell it from Head Office under license. Good job I'm a chemistry teacher and have other sources of supply. What on earth do they think we're going to do with it? Terrorist threat to remove all nail varnish from people we don't like?
I believe it's a known carcinogen, so the restrictions are likely a personal health/safety issue, not national security.
JMcC is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-30-2007, 04:02 PM   #14
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: USA
Posts: 1,486
piste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond reputepiste off has a reputation beyond repute
Quote:
Originally Posted by JMcC View Post
I believe it's a known carcinogen, so the restrictions are likely a personal health/safety issue, not national security.
The evidence that I have seen says no, including the info below:

The Department of Health and Human Services and the International Agency for Research on Cancer have not classified acetone for carcinogenic effects. The EPA has determined that acetone is not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity.

Information excerpted from
Toxicological Profile for Acetone May 1994
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
United States Public Health Service


That said, I worked a lot with the stuff in industrial applications (as well as the fencing ones) and it is pretty nasty. Best not to breathe it or get it on you to be on the safe side.

Rick
__________________
"Some people are born great fencers, some people achieve fencing greatness, and some people have it thrust upon them."

My pet Monkey on an IBM selectric
piste off is online now  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 11-30-2007, 04:09 PM   #15
Perpetual Ephemerist
 
magic_moose's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2005
Location: Virginia
Posts: 2,864
magic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond reputemagic_moose has a reputation beyond repute
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) here
http://www.bu.edu/es/labsafety/ESMSDSs/MSAcetone.html

Mostly an irritant and highly flammable
Health Rating: 1 - Slight
Flammability Rating: 4 - Extreme (Flammable)
Reactivity Rating: 2 - Moderate
Contact Rating: 1 - Slight
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES; CLASS B
EXTINGUISHER
Storage Color Code: Red (Flammable)
__________________
“Think how many blameless lives are brightened by the blazing indiscretions of other people.”

- Saki

"Every reformation must have its victims. You can't expect the fatted calf to share the enthusiasm of the angels over the prodigal's return. "

- Saki


¯\(°_o)/¯
magic_moose is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 02-09-2008, 11:23 AM   #16
Senior Member
 
Black Jeebus's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Savannah, Ga
Posts: 6,135
Black Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond reputeBlack Jeebus has a reputation beyond repute
Send a message via ICQ to Black Jeebus Send a message via AIM to Black Jeebus Send a message via MSN to Black Jeebus Send a message via Yahoo to Black Jeebus
How often should th eacetone be replaced? How many rewires can one filling of the tube go through before it's too gunked up? Also should the tube itself be scoured at all, and if so how often?
__________________
Exciting news- before even finishing Chem I, I have already received an invitation to work as a research assistant!
Black Jeebus is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 02-09-2008, 11:51 AM   #17
Senior Member
 
brtech's Avatar
 
Join Date: Nov 2003
Posts: 1,076
brtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond reputebrtech has a reputation beyond repute
Depends on the concentration you started with. If it's pretty pure acetone, and you aren't doing 100 blades at a time, I think you'll get a year out of it. One good way to track this is to track how much time it takes to work a blade. When the acetone is fresh, it goes fast. As the acetone gets gunked up, it takes more time. When it gets to maybe twice the time it was when you started, you might want to change the acetone.

How many blades? Dunno. Too many variables. A lot, if its reasonably pure acetone. Even with nail polish remover, I could usually get 20 or so blades out of a fill. Probably had to wait much longer, but back then, I could usually just leave it soak overnight.

I've never had a problem with the pipe having a lot of gunk on it. I swabbed it out when I changed the acetone, but you don't have to to be fastidious.

These days, I use a heat gun, so my "pickle pipe" is dry.
brtech is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 02-09-2008, 01:56 PM   #18
Senior Member
 
FoilyDeath's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2005
Location: London, UK/Providence, RI
Posts: 334
FoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to beholdFoilyDeath is a splendid one to behold
I made the mistake of dropping the old acetone from an acetone bath onto a small bush by mistake...and the next day it had become a sickly yellow. So yes, whilst it probably won't kill you, its not exactly safe either:P
__________________
FoilyDeath is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 02-09-2008, 02:19 PM   #19
rdg
Senior Member
 
rdg's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: SF bay wine country
Posts: 345
rdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond reputerdg has a reputation beyond repute
Heat gun?

Quote:
Of course, I don't use acetone any more. A heat gun is faster.
How do you use the heat gun. I am supposing that the glues simply melt or what?

Sam
rdg is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Old 02-09-2008, 03:04 PM   #20
Senior Member
 
Cookeit's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2007
Location: Indiana
Posts: 703
Cookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond reputeCookeit has a reputation beyond repute
Send a message via AIM to Cookeit
Make sure you light some candles and put on some easy-listening music.
__________________
(\ /)
( ..)
<-- Ole' Pinky Returns
c(")(")
Cookeit is offline  
Digg this Post!Add Post to del.icio.usBookmark Post in TechnoratiFurl this Post!
Closed Thread

Thread Tools
Display Modes

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are On
Pingbacks are On
Refbacks are Off


Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Vet World Championships (Bath, England) bets edew Fencing Discussion 51 08-30-2006 07:04 PM
Veterans Bath or Bust jjefferies Fencing Discussion 20 07-14-2006 12:14 PM
Lame bath-time Li'l Bebe Armory - Q&A 8 10-26-2005 04:36 PM
[foil] acetone bath problem, outlawsteveoaos Armory - Q&A 9 05-04-2005 03:05 AM
Acetone bath TheArmourer Armory - Q&A 16 09-14-2004 03:05 PM


All times are GMT -4. The time now is 08:34 PM.


(c) 1995 - 2009 Fencing Net; Fencing.Net, fdn, Fencing101, Epee101, Foil101, Sabre101 are all trademarks of Fencing.Net, LLC.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.1
Copyright ©2000 - 2009, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. - Search Engine Optimization by vBSEO 3.2.0 RC5 -    
Follow fencing.net on Facebook